From eclipses on demand to a uncommon interstellar customer to the possibilities of Earth being flung out of orbit, some information in 2025 made us ponder our place within the universe. Right here’s a have a look at a few of our favourite area tales.
A uncommon interstellar customer
Our photo voltaic system acquired a brand new out-of-town visitor in 2025, for under the third time that we all know of. Comet 3I/ATLAS was noticed on July 1 by the ATLAS survey telescope in Chile. Astronomers rapidly decided that its orbit was taking it on a fast jaunt by way of the photo voltaic system earlier than sweeping out once more.
Since then, the comet has sprouted a tail, swung across the solar at greater than 200,000 kilometers per hour, been photographed by spacecraft throughout the photo voltaic system (together with from the floor of Mars), proven indicators of icy volcanism and sparked dialogue of the chance that it’s an alien spacecraft. (Spoiler: It’s not).
Even after the comet’s closest go to Earth on December 19, at about 270 million kilometers away, it must be seen into spring 2026 because it heads again out into interstellar area.
Lightning on Mars
A microphone on the Perseverance rover picked up the static crackle of electrical energy in Martian air, a form of “mini-lightning,” scientists reported this 12 months. Researchers had beforehand observed a pointy clicking sound in recordings of a mud satan and assumed it was from mud hitting the mic. However this 12 months, a crew of planetary scientists realized that it might have been a zap from mud particles sliding in opposition to or bumping into one another, build up electrical expenses that discharge in a sudden bolt. This type of lightning, referred to as triboelectricity, had been suspected to occur on Mars for a very long time, however had by no means been heard till now.
Betelgeuse’s buddy is caught on digital camera
Astronomers could have lastly seen Betelgeuse’s companion star. The crimson supergiant that marks one of many constellation Orion’s shoulders had lengthy been suspected to be a part of a binary, with a star in regards to the mass of the solar orbiting it roughly each 2,000 days. Final 12 months, two teams reported oblique indicators that the astral attendant is basically there.
In July, astronomers launched a picture of a faint blue smudge close to the brilliant supergiant. The star nonetheless must be confirmed with extra observations. But when it’s there, astronomers recommend naming it Siwarha, which means “her bracelet,” because it encircles a star whose title means “hand of the large.”
Sadly, the smaller star’s orbit places it inside Betelgeuse’s outer ambiance, which suggests the star is doomed to fall into its bigger companion within the subsequent 10,000 years.
Synthetic eclipses on demand
A pair of spacecrafts labored collectively to create the primary photographs of a man-made photo voltaic eclipse. The dual Proba-3 craft launched in December 2024 to check precision choreography that might let one craft utterly block the disk of the solar from the opposite’s viewpoint. This synchronized spaceflight lets Proba-3 create eclipses on demand, giving scientists extra time to look at the solar’s wispy and elusive corona.
The Proba-3 crew launched the duo’s first eclipse photographs in June. Since July, Proba-3 has created 51 eclipses, and has greater than 100 extra deliberate for 2026, says principal investigator Andrei Zhukov, a photo voltaic physicist on the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Brussels. The mission will run for 2 years.
A cosmic cinematographer begins filming
The Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile began its decade-long survey of the sky this 12 months. Situated on a excessive, dry mountaintop, the observatory will take a patchwork quilt of wide-field photographs to cowl your complete Southern Hemisphere’s nighttime view each couple of days. Astronomers can play these photographs like a flipbook to create the best cosmic film ever made.
Vera Rubin will seize how cosmic phenomena change over time and catch short-lived occasions like supernovas and fast-moving objects like asteroids. Excessive-precision maps of billions of galaxies and stars will assist astronomers be taught extra in regards to the historical past and evolution of the Milky Approach, the contents of our personal photo voltaic system and the character of darkish matter and darkish vitality.
An inconstant cosmos
Talking of which, the stunning discovering that darkish vitality might change gained momentum. Darkish vitality, the mysterious pressure that drives the growth of the universe to go quicker and quicker, was lengthy considered a continuing pressure, exerting the identical outward affect over cosmic historical past. In 2024, information from the Darkish Power Spectroscopic Instrument, or DESI, urged that as an alternative, darkish vitality might change over time. Scientists anticipated this trace of “dynamical” darkish vitality to fade with extra information, however the reverse occurred. Now now we have three years of DESI information overlaying 14 million galaxies and quasars. The case for dynamical darkish vitality is even stronger, surprised scientists reported in March.
One small step for personal moon landers
This 12 months, a personal firm lastly landed a spacecraft on the moon with out crashing or tipping over. Blue Ghost, constructed by Texas-based Firefly Aerospace, touched down softly in Mare Crisium on March 2. The lander operated for one lunar day (about 14 Earth days) plus 5 hours into the lunar evening. It spent its time testing a bevy of scientific devices, together with a GPS-like system for the moon, a robotic drill, an X-ray telescope and a tool to measure the stickiness of moon mud. It additionally noticed a complete eclipse from the moon’s floor.
Blue Ghost is only one of many non-public landers with lunar desires. However two others that launched this 12 months, the Athena lander from Houston-based Intuitive Machines and the Resilience lander from Tokyo-based firm ispace, had been unsuccessful. And plans to have non-public corporations like SpaceX or Blue Origin land astronauts on the moon as a part of NASA’s Artemis missions are in flux heading into 2026.
It might all the time be worse
If 2025 was a tough 12 months, take consolation: No less than Earth hasn’t been flung out of the photo voltaic system by a passing star.
That’s an actual chance, scientists calculated in Could. If one other star comes shut sufficient to the solar, its gravity might ship Mercury’s orbit jiggling uncontrolled. Mercury might collide with both the solar or Venus, inflicting a sequence response wherein Earth both collides with Venus or Mars, falls into the solar, or will get flung towards Jupiter and booted from the photo voltaic system altogether.
Fortunately, the chances of any of that taking place to Earth within the subsequent 5 billion years is simply 0.2 p.c. However this story captured Science Information readers’ imaginations. It was our third most-read story of the 12 months.
